HVAC{ Heating Ventilation & Air Conditioning}
ESTIMATION, INSTALLATION, COMMISSIONING, TESTING, ADJUSTING & BALANCING
Introduction
1. Introduction to construction project management
- Construction Industry
- Construction Project
- Owner(client)
- Consultant
- Main/Prime Contractor
- Subcontractor
- Construction Services
- Competitive Bidding
- Negotiated Contracts
- Time and Cost Management
- Planning Scheduling
- Management of Field Construction
2. Introduction to organization structure of a Company-Roles & Responsibilities
3. Introduction to project initiation documents
- Specifications
- Tender Drawings(or) IFC (Issued for construction drawings)
- BOQ (Bill of quantity)
- The project Schedule
Site Activities
Installation Work-Flow
Basics & Fundamentals
1.Tools & Consumables
2.Detailed study of Shop drawings
- Legends symbols and Abbreviations
- Observations(or) Engineer’s comments
- Revision number & Status of drawings
- Co-ordination(or)Reference drawings
3. Planning schedule& Co-ordination with other departments for clearances
- Store& Material management
- Material Requisition(MR)
- Material Indent
- Proper handling, Storage, Use & Disposal of material as per the Specifications& Manufacturer’s recommendations
- Labor management
- Simultaneously follow of various departments like design, Purchasing, Technical, QS & QA/QC
- Supervising, Planning, Monitoring site activities and Resources on day to day basis
- Daily/weekly construction progress& Work plan meetings
- Quality and Safety standards
- Installation of Air side component& Equipment’s
- Installation of Water side components& Equipment’s
Tendering / Estimation
- Detailed study of specification& Tender drawings
- Prepare& Maintain data base of unit rates of items useful for bidding
- BOQ(Bill of Quantity)
- Quantity take off, Sending enquiry to suppliers to get quotations& Final bidding
- Negotiate the final offer with Client
Procurement
- Sending enquiry, Negotiating the quotation values with the Supplier
- Preparing quotation evaluation sheets
- Finalizing the supplier and Issuing the purchase orders
- Follow-up with the supplier for the delivery of material as per the agreed schedule
Quantity Surveyor
- Details study of tender, IFC, Shop drawings& As-built drawings
- Actually quantity take off from site& As-built drawings
- Variations and Work orders
- Monthly billings and Final BOQ
QA/QC
- Introduction to quality control as per Specifications& Standards
- MIR,RFI
- Material Submittals, Delivery notes, PO(purchase order)
- Method Statements (Installation& Testing procedures)
- Testing Procedures (Duct leak test, Pressure, Hydraulic test, etc…)
- Inspection of all materials, Equipment’s, Site construction activities, Commissioning, Testing, Adjusting and Balancing of systems as per applicable standards
- Proper Documentation
Commissioning, Testing, Adjusting and Balancing
Air side:-
- Mechanical equipment’s checklist& Start-up
- Equipment’s commissioning, Troubleshooting testing procedures
- Air balancing of supply, Return exhaust& Fresh air ducts network
- Temperature and Pressure gradient checking
Water side:-
- Piping network flushing procedure
- Testing and Commissioning of circulating pumps, Heat exchanger, Chillers, Boilers, chemical dosing system& make up water units
- Water Balancing
- Temperature Testing
Problems during commissioning & its trouble shooting
Handing over of the project
- Red line and As-built drawings submission
- Commissioning reports, TAB reports& third party test certificates
- Operation& maintenance manuals
- Closing the Snag list(or)punch list
Project Completion Certificate
Designing & Drafting
Introduction to HVAC
HVAC (Heating, ventilation& Air-Conditioning) Designing& Drafting
- Introduction to HVAC
- Fundamentals
- Modes of heat transfer (Conduction, Convection and Radiation)
- Forms of heat (Sensible& Latent heat)
- Units of heat(TR, MBH, BTU)
- Study of psychometric chart
- Dry Bulb Temperature(DBT)
- Wet Bulb Temperature(WBT)
- Relative Humidity(%RH)
- Dew Point Temperature(DPT)
- Humidity Ratio(HR)
- Enthalpy/Total Heat Content
- Calculations on Psychometric Chart
- Refrigerants (types, properties& examples)
- Refrigeration cycle (vapour compression)and its components
- Function& types of compressor, Condenser, Expansion valve& Evaporator
- Types of air conditioning system
- Window A/C
- Split A/C: (wall mounted a/c, floor standing a/c, cassette type a/c, duct-able split a/c)
- Variable refrigerant volume (VRV)
- Variable Refrigerant flow (VRF)
- Package A/C units
- Central plant chilled water system
- District cooling system
- Categories of Air conditioning
- All Air System
- All Water System
- Air-Water System
- Direct Refrigerant System
- Types of Fans and its Applications
- Types of Pumps and its Applications
- Primary, secondary& territory pumps
- Pumps in series and parallel
E-20 manual Cooling / Heating load Calculations
- Introduction to Cooling / Heating load
- Building survey
- Understanding the peak Outdoor & required Indoor Conditions.
- Factors affecting the load estimate (Latitude, Peak Temperature & Daily Range etc).
- Heat gain/loss through the building envelope (roof, walls) & partitions.
- Solar Heat gain/loss through windows, glass & other transparent materials.
- Internal heat gain generated by People, Lights, Electrical Equipments, Motors, Kitchen Appliances.
- Heat gain/loss through Ventilation, Infiltration & By-pass air.
- Heat gain/loss through ducts.
- Diversity factor.
- Calculating ESHF, ADP, Air flow rate (CFM).
Load Calculations using HAP (Hourly Analysis Program) Software
Air Distribution System
- Types of ducts, duct fittings (elbow, reducer, transition, tee, offset, branch connection/take off, split bend, R-fitting, end cap etc.), duct accessories(VCD, FD, SD, Pressure Relief Dampers, AD, VAVs, Air Valves, Sound Attenuators, Plenum Box, Sand Trap Louvers etc.).
- Duct Sizing Methods: Velocity Reduction Method, Equal Friction Method, Static Regain Method.
- Duct Sizing as per Aspect Ratio.
- Finding duct size using Ductulator.
- Classification of Duct (Low, Medium & High Pressure).
- Duct Material & Gauge Selection.
- Types, sizing & selection of Air Terminal Devices (Grilles, Diffusers & Registers).
- Threaded rod and angle bar sizing.
- Insulation types and materials.
- Duct Joining Methods.
- External Static Pressure (ESP) calculation & Fan selection.
- Selection of Motor HP & Fan/Blower RPM.
- Concept of Constant Air Volume (CAV) & Variable Air Volume (VAV) system.
- Concept of 100% fresh air, mixed air (fresh, return & exhaust air).
- Design of Exhaust System for Toilets.
- Design of Car Park & Kitchen Ventilation System.
- Negative & Positive pressure requirements.
- Stairwell Pressurization System Designing.
Chilled & Heating Water System
- Introduction to Chilled & heating water pipes material, schedule and standards used.
- Pipe fittings (Tee, Elbow (Long Radius & Short Radius, 45 deg. & 90 deg.) Concentric & Eccentric Reducers, union, coupling, pipe nipple etc.) and accessories (Gate Valve, Globe Valve, Butterfly Valve, Check Valve or NRV, Pressure Regulation valve, Safety Valve, Double Regulating Valve (DRV), 2-Way & 3-Way, flow meter, thermo well etc.).
- Water Demand calculations- Chilled / Heating Water GPM calculations.
- Calculation of Water velocity – Suction side & Discharge side, assigning velocity to different pipe sections.
- Pipe routing & Pipe Sizing.
- Friction loss / Pump Head Calculations.
- Selection of Pumps
Equipment Selection and its Sequence of operations
- VRF (Variable Refrigerant Flow) / VRV (Variable Refrigerant Volume)
- Types, Application and selection of Chillers, AHUs, FCUs, Package AC Units, Fans & Pumps.
- District Cooling System, Cooling Tower.
- Heat Recovery System (Rotor Wheel & Run around Coil).
- Building Management System (BMS) – Devices, Sensors, Actuators & Sequence of Operation for HVAV System.
HVAC Software:
- Load Calculations using HAP (Hourly Analysis Program) Software & E-20 Form.
- Calculation of Duct Sizes by McQuay Duct Sizer.
- Calculation of Pipe Sizes by McQuay pipe Sizer.
- Grilles, Diffusers & Registers selection using BETA Software
Standards
- ASHRAE
- ISHRAE
- SMACNA
- ARI
- IAQ
- OSHA
- ASTM
- NEMA
- FM
- UL
- NFPA
HVAC Drafting
- Introduction to AutoCAD.
- Introduction to Design, Architectural & Structural Drawings.
- Tender / IFC Drawings.
- Representation of Air Conditioning & Ventilation Ducts, Duct Fittings, Accessories, Equipments, Flow Directions, Slop, BOD, chilled & heating water pipes, pipe fittings, Accessories, equipments connections, BOP, slop, etc.
- Legends and Symbols used in HVAC.
- Single line and Double line Drawings.
- Detailed Shop drawings.
- Sectional Drawings.
- Schematic Riser diagram & Equipment Schedule Drawings.
- MEP Coordination Drawings.
- Wall opening and concrete base Drawings.
- Redline & AS-Built Drawings.
- Model management & Layout Management.
- Scale Setting & Plotting.