HVAC{ Heating Ventilation & Air Conditioning}

ESTIMATION, INSTALLATION, COMMISSIONING, TESTING, ADJUSTING & BALANCING
Introduction

   1. Introduction to construction project management 

  • Construction Industry
  • Construction Project
  • Owner(client)
  • Consultant
  • Main/Prime Contractor
  • Subcontractor
  • Construction Services
  • Competitive Bidding
  • Negotiated Contracts
  • Time and Cost Management
  • Planning Scheduling
  • Management of Field Construction

   2. Introduction to organization structure of a Company-Roles & Responsibilities

   3. Introduction to project initiation documents

  • Specifications
  • Tender Drawings(or) IFC (Issued for construction drawings)
  • BOQ (Bill of quantity)
  • The project Schedule
Site Activities

Installation Work-Flow

Basics & Fundamentals

      1.Tools & Consumables

      2.Detailed study of Shop drawings

  • Legends symbols and Abbreviations
  • Observations(or) Engineer’s comments
  • Revision number & Status of drawings
  • Co-ordination(or)Reference drawings

      3. Planning schedule& Co-ordination with other departments for clearances

  1. Store& Material management
  • Material Requisition(MR)
  • Material Indent
  • Proper handling, Storage, Use & Disposal of material as per the Specifications& Manufacturer’s recommendations
  1. Labor management
  2. Simultaneously follow of various departments like design, Purchasing, Technical, QS & QA/QC
  3. Supervising, Planning, Monitoring site activities and Resources on day to day basis
  4. Daily/weekly construction progress& Work plan meetings
  5. Quality and Safety standards
  6. Installation of Air side component& Equipment’s
  7. Installation of Water side components& Equipment’s
Tendering / Estimation
  • Detailed study of specification& Tender drawings
  • Prepare& Maintain data base of unit rates of items useful for bidding
  • BOQ(Bill of Quantity)
  • Quantity take off, Sending enquiry to suppliers to get quotations& Final bidding
  • Negotiate the final offer with Client
Procurement
  • Sending enquiry, Negotiating the quotation values with the Supplier
  • Preparing quotation evaluation sheets
  • Finalizing the supplier and Issuing the purchase orders
  • Follow-up with the supplier for the delivery of material as per the agreed schedule
Quantity Surveyor
  • Details study of tender, IFC, Shop drawings& As-built drawings
  • Actually quantity take off from site& As-built drawings
  • Variations and Work orders
  • Monthly billings and Final BOQ
QA/QC
  • Introduction to quality control as per Specifications& Standards
  • MIR,RFI
  • Material Submittals, Delivery notes, PO(purchase order)
  • Method Statements (Installation& Testing procedures)
  • Testing Procedures (Duct leak test, Pressure, Hydraulic test, etc…)
  • Inspection of all materials, Equipment’s, Site construction activities, Commissioning, Testing, Adjusting and Balancing of systems as per applicable standards
  • Proper Documentation
Commissioning, Testing, Adjusting and Balancing

Air side:-

  • Mechanical equipment’s checklist& Start-up
  • Equipment’s commissioning, Troubleshooting testing procedures
  • Air balancing of supply, Return exhaust& Fresh air ducts network
  • Temperature and Pressure gradient checking

Water side:-

  • Piping network flushing procedure
  • Testing and Commissioning of circulating pumps, Heat exchanger, Chillers, Boilers, chemical dosing system& make up water units
  • Water Balancing
  • Temperature Testing

Problems during commissioning & its trouble shooting

Handing over of the project
  • Red line and As-built drawings submission
  • Commissioning reports, TAB reports& third party test certificates
  • Operation& maintenance manuals
  • Closing the Snag list(or)punch list

Project Completion Certificate

Designing & Drafting
Introduction to HVAC

HVAC (Heating, ventilation& Air-Conditioning) Designing& Drafting

  1. Introduction to HVAC
  2. Fundamentals
  3. Modes of heat transfer (Conduction, Convection and Radiation)
  4. Forms of heat (Sensible& Latent heat)
  5. Units of heat(TR, MBH, BTU)
  6. Study of psychometric chart
  • Dry Bulb Temperature(DBT)
  • Wet Bulb Temperature(WBT)
  • Relative Humidity(%RH)
  • Dew Point Temperature(DPT)
  • Humidity Ratio(HR)
  • Enthalpy/Total Heat Content
  • Calculations on Psychometric Chart
  1. Refrigerants (types, properties& examples)
  2. Refrigeration cycle (vapour compression)and its components
  3. Function& types of compressor, Condenser, Expansion valve& Evaporator
  1. Types of air conditioning system
  • Window A/C
  • Split A/C: (wall mounted a/c, floor standing a/c, cassette type a/c, duct-able split a/c)
  • Variable refrigerant volume (VRV)
  • Variable Refrigerant flow (VRF)
  • Package A/C units
  • Central plant chilled water system
  • District cooling system
  1. Categories of Air conditioning
  • All Air System
  • All Water System
  • Air-Water System
  • Direct Refrigerant System
  1. Types of Fans and its Applications
  2. Types of Pumps and its Applications
  • Primary, secondary& territory pumps
  • Pumps in series and parallel

E-20 manual Cooling / Heating load Calculations
  1. Introduction to Cooling / Heating load
  • Building survey
  • Understanding the peak Outdoor & required Indoor Conditions.
  • Factors affecting the load estimate (Latitude, Peak Temperature & Daily Range etc).
  1. Heat gain/loss through the building envelope (roof, walls) & partitions.
  2. Solar Heat gain/loss through windows, glass & other transparent materials.
  3. Internal heat gain generated by People, Lights, Electrical Equipments, Motors, Kitchen Appliances.
  4. Heat gain/loss through Ventilation, Infiltration & By-pass air.
  5. Heat gain/loss through ducts.
  6. Diversity factor.
  7. Calculating ESHF, ADP, Air flow rate (CFM).

Load Calculations using HAP (Hourly Analysis Program) Software

Air Distribution System
  • Types of ducts, duct fittings (elbow, reducer, transition, tee, offset, branch connection/take off, split bend, R-fitting, end cap etc.), duct accessories(VCD, FD, SD, Pressure Relief Dampers, AD, VAVs, Air Valves, Sound Attenuators, Plenum Box, Sand Trap Louvers etc.).
  • Duct Sizing Methods: Velocity Reduction Method, Equal Friction Method, Static Regain Method.
  • Duct Sizing as per Aspect Ratio.
  • Finding duct size using Ductulator.
  • Classification of Duct (Low, Medium & High Pressure).
  • Duct Material & Gauge Selection.
  • Types, sizing & selection of Air Terminal Devices (Grilles, Diffusers & Registers).
  • Threaded rod and angle bar sizing.
  • Insulation types and materials.
  • Duct Joining Methods.
  • External Static Pressure (ESP) calculation & Fan selection.
  • Selection of Motor HP & Fan/Blower RPM.
  • Concept of Constant Air Volume (CAV) & Variable Air Volume (VAV) system.
  • Concept of 100% fresh air, mixed air (fresh, return & exhaust air).
  • Design of Exhaust System for Toilets.
  • Design of Car Park & Kitchen Ventilation System.
  • Negative & Positive pressure requirements.
  • Stairwell Pressurization System Designing.

Chilled & Heating Water System
  • Introduction to Chilled & heating water pipes material, schedule and standards used.
  • Pipe fittings (Tee, Elbow (Long Radius & Short Radius, 45 deg. & 90 deg.) Concentric & Eccentric Reducers, union, coupling, pipe nipple etc.) and accessories (Gate Valve, Globe Valve, Butterfly Valve, Check Valve or NRV, Pressure Regulation valve, Safety Valve, Double Regulating Valve (DRV), 2-Way & 3-Way, flow meter, thermo well etc.).
  • Water Demand calculations- Chilled / Heating Water GPM calculations.
  • Calculation of Water velocity – Suction side & Discharge side, assigning velocity to different pipe sections.
  • Pipe routing & Pipe Sizing.
  • Friction loss / Pump Head Calculations.
  • Selection of Pumps

Equipment Selection and its Sequence of operations
  • VRF (Variable Refrigerant Flow) / VRV (Variable Refrigerant Volume)
  • Types, Application and selection of Chillers, AHUs, FCUs, Package AC Units, Fans & Pumps.
  • District Cooling System, Cooling Tower.
  • Heat Recovery System (Rotor Wheel & Run around Coil).
  • Building Management System (BMS) – Devices, Sensors, Actuators & Sequence of Operation for HVAV System.

HVAC Software:
  • Load Calculations using HAP (Hourly Analysis Program) Software & E-20 Form.
  • Calculation of Duct Sizes by McQuay Duct Sizer.
  • Calculation of Pipe Sizes by McQuay pipe Sizer.
  • Grilles, Diffusers & Registers selection using BETA Software

Standards
  • ASHRAE
  • ISHRAE
  • SMACNA
  • ARI
  • IAQ
  • OSHA
  • ASTM
  • NEMA
  • FM
  • UL
  • NFPA

HVAC Drafting
  • Introduction to AutoCAD.
  • Introduction to Design, Architectural & Structural Drawings.
  • Tender / IFC Drawings.
  • Representation of Air Conditioning & Ventilation Ducts, Duct Fittings, Accessories, Equipments, Flow Directions, Slop, BOD, chilled & heating water pipes, pipe fittings, Accessories, equipments connections, BOP, slop, etc.
  • Legends and Symbols used in HVAC.
  • Single line and Double line Drawings.
  • Detailed Shop drawings.
  • Sectional Drawings.
  • Schematic Riser diagram & Equipment Schedule Drawings.
  • MEP Coordination Drawings.
  • Wall opening and concrete base Drawings.
  • Redline & AS-Built Drawings.
  • Model management & Layout Management.
  • Scale Setting & Plotting.